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<p><span class="text_G9Iim" data-text="true" style="box-sizing: content-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 28px;">盐酸（hydrochloric acid）是氯化氢（HCl）的水溶液</span><span class="supWrap_tDqqY J-supWrap" style="box-sizing: content-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: pointer; display: inline; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 28px;"><span data-tag="ref" style="box-sizing: content-box; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2px; padding: 0px 2px; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); cursor: pointer; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: bottom; text-wrap-mode: nowrap;">&nbsp;[1]<em id="sup-1" style="box-sizing: content-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: -100px;"></em></span></span><span class="text_G9Iim" data-text="true" style="box-sizing: content-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 28px;">，工业用途广泛。盐酸为无色透明的液体，有强烈的刺鼻气味，具有较高的腐蚀性。浓盐酸（质量分数约为37%）具有极强的挥发性，因此盛有浓盐酸的容器打开后氯化氢气体会挥发，与空气中的水蒸气结合产生盐酸小液滴，使瓶口上方出现酸雾。盐酸是胃酸的主要成分，它能够促进食物消化、抵御微生物感染。16世纪，利巴菲乌斯正式记载了氯化氢的制备方法。之后格劳勃、普利斯特里、戴维等化学家也在他们的研究中使用了盐酸</span><span class="supWrap_tDqqY J-supWrap" style="box-sizing: content-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: pointer; display: inline; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 28px;"><span data-tag="ref" style="box-sizing: content-box; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2px; padding: 0px 2px; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); cursor: pointer; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: bottom; text-wrap-mode: nowrap;">&nbsp;[2]<em id="sup-2" style="box-sizing: content-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: -100px;"></em></span></span><span class="text_G9Iim" data-text="true" style="box-sizing: content-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 28px;">。工业革命期间，盐酸开始大量生产。化学工业中，盐酸有许多重要应用，对产品的质量起决定性作用。盐酸可用于酸洗钢材</span><span class="supWrap_tDqqY J-supWrap" style="box-sizing: content-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: pointer; display: inline; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 28px;"><span data-tag="ref" style="box-sizing: content-box; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2px; padding: 0px 2px; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); cursor: pointer; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: bottom; text-wrap-mode: nowrap;">&nbsp;[3]<em id="sup-3" style="box-sizing: content-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: -100px;"></em></span></span><span class="text_G9Iim" data-text="true" style="box-sizing: content-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 28px;">，也是大规模制备许多无机、有机化合物所需的化学试剂</span><span class="supWrap_tDqqY J-supWrap" style="box-sizing: content-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: pointer; display: inline; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 28px;"><span data-tag="ref" style="box-sizing: content-box; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2px; padding: 0px 2px; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); cursor: pointer; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: bottom; text-wrap-mode: nowrap;">&nbsp;[4-5]<em id="sup-4" style="box-sizing: content-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: -100px;"></em><em id="sup-5" style="box-sizing: content-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: -100px;"></em></span></span><span class="text_G9Iim" data-text="true" style="box-sizing: content-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 28px;">，例如PVC塑料的前体氯乙烯。盐酸还有许多小规模的用途，比如用于家务清洁、生产明胶及其他食品添加剂、除水垢试剂、皮革加工。全球每年生产约两千万吨的盐酸。根据2017年10月27日世界卫生组织国际癌症研究机构公布的致癌物清单，盐酸在3类致癌物清单中</span><span class="supWrap_tDqqY J-supWrap" style="box-sizing: content-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: pointer; display: inline; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 28px;"><span data-tag="ref" style="box-sizing: content-box; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2px; padding: 0px 2px; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); cursor: pointer; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: bottom; text-wrap-mode: nowrap;">&nbsp;[6]<em id="sup-6" style="box-sizing: content-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: -100px;"></em></span></span><span class="text_G9Iim" data-text="true" style="box-sizing: content-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 28px;">。</span></p>